Heart Failure Diagnosis and Treatment
Heart failure is a syndrome, not a diagnosis. How to recognise it, classify it properly, and build treatment that follows the physiology rather than the label.
Heart Failure
Heart failure is treated here as the whole syndrome rather than one ejection fraction band. The archive covers HFpEF and its diagnostic ambiguity, mildly reduced ejection fraction, acute decompensation and congestion assessment, cardiogenic shock, and the cardiorenal and metabolic comorbidities that dominate outcome. Articles work through natriuretic peptides and echocardiographic filling assessment, invasive haemodynamics and exercise testing when the diagnosis is uncertain, diuretic strategy and decongestion endpoints, iron deficiency, sleep-disordered breathing, and transitions of care that determine readmission. Advanced therapy referral is addressed explicitly. Deeper systematic coverage sits in our heart failure, rhythm and risk course books and the online course programme.
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Most acute coronary syndromes begin with disruption of a lesion that was not previously severe. Signs, symptoms, and the assessment that must not be delayed.